November 13 1093
King Malcolm
III (Canmore) ambushed and killed at Alnwick, Northumbia. Succeeded by Donald III. November 12 1094
King Duncan II died at Battle of Monthechin, Kincardine.
June 21 1098
Priory at Coldingham founded.
January 8 1107
King Alexander I crowned.
April 23 1124
King Alexander I died at Stirling Castle, succeeded by David I.
August 22 1138
Battle of the Standard at Northallerton in which King David I was defeated by the English.
April 9 1139
Second Treaty of Durham in which David I is recognised as King of an independent Scotland by King Stephen of
England.
March 20 1141
King Malcolm IV born.
May 24 1153
King David I died at Carlisle.
June 12 1153
Malcolm IV crowned at Scone
December 9 1165
King Malcolm IV died at Jedburgh Castle, succeeded by William I.
December 24 1165
King William I (Lion) crowned at Scone.
May 9 1170
Arbroath Abbey dedicated to St Thomas à Becket.
July 13 1174
King William surprised and captured by the English at Alnwick.
August 24 1198
Alexander II, son of King William I, born.
December 4 1214
King William I (Lion) died at Stirling Castle and was succeeded by his son Alexander II.
December 6 1214
King Alexander II crowned at Scone.
September 4 1241
King Alexander III born at Roxburgh.
July 8 1249
King Alexander II died on Isle of Kerrara, Oban Bay.
July 13 1249
King Alexander III crowned at Scone
October 2 1263
Battle of Largs - Scots defeated the Vikings who were attempting to invade.
December 15/16 1263
King Haakon of Norway (which at that time included Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles) died on Orkney at
midnight on 15/16 December.
July 2 1266
Treaty of Perth, Norway renounces claim on the Hebrides.
July 11 1274
Robert the Bruce born.
October 14 1285
Second marriage of King Alexander III (to Yolanda de Dreux).
March 19 1286
King Alexander III died crossing the river Forth to Fife at Queensferry.
March 19 1286
Queen Margaret, Maid of Norway (daughter of King Erik II) ascended the throne.
January 21 1290
Sweetheart Abbey, near Dumfries, founded by Devorguilla, mother of John Balliol.
September 26 1290
Queen
Margaret, Maid of Norway ("Eiriksdotter") died, en route from Norway to Scotland, 1290.
May 30 1291
Claimants to the Scottish throne met King Edward I of England at Norham on Tweed to resolve
succession.
November 17 1292
John Balliol acceded to Scottish throne.
November 30 1292
John Balliol ("Toom Tabard" or "Turncoat") crowned.
April 1 1295
Robert Bruce, "The Great Competitor" and grandfather of King Robert the Bruce, died.
March 30 1296
King Edward I of England over-ran Berwick-upon-Tweed.
April 27 1296
Scots defeated by the English defenders of Dunbar Castle at Battle of Dunbar.
August 28 1296
Edward I of England held a parliament at Berwick to which he summoned all Scottish landholders to sign the "Ragman
Roll".
September 11 1297
Battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace (as famously portrayed by Mel Gibson in "Braveheart") defeats Edward I.
October 11 1297
Letter from Wallace and Moray to the
mayors of Lubeck and Hamburg saying that "The Kingdom of Scotland has, by God's Grace, recovered by battle from the power of the English".
June 12 1298
William Wallace routs English at the Battle of Black Ironside.
July 22 1298
William Wallace defeated by King Edward I at the Battle of Falkirk.
August 23 1301
King Edward I lodged at the Convent of the
Dominicans (the Black Friars) in the High Street, Glasgow.
February 24 1303
Battle of Roslin in which invading English army led by Sir John Segrave was defeated by Comyn.
May 20 1303
France and England make peace, releasing forces to attack Scotland.
July 20 1304
Stirling Castle, the last of the Scottish castles to be captured by Edward I.
August 5 1305
William Wallace betrayed and captured by the English.
August 23 1305
William Wallace executed
August 24 1305
King Alexander II born.
February 10 1306
Robert the Bruce murdered Red Comyn.
March 27 1306
King Robert I ("The Bruce") crowned at Scone.
June 19 1306
Army of Robert the Bruce routed at Methven.
August 11 1306
Battle of Dalry, Robert I, attacked and defeated John
MacDougall of Lorne, kinsman of John Comyn.
May 10 1307
Battle of Loudon Hill, near Darvel. King Robert I comprehensively defeated English forces under de Valence.
July 7 1307
Death of King Edward I of England.
December 24 1307
Battle of Inverurie in which Robert the Bruce defeated the troops of John Comyn. (The date for this battle is disputed by historians).
August 15 1308
Battle of the Pass of Brander in which John MacDougall of Lorne who was supporting King Edward II, was defeated by King Robert I.
November 8 1308
Scholar and philosopher John Duns Scotus died. His dry subtleties
led to the word "Duns" or "dunce" meaning dull and incapable of learning. Beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993.
March 16 1309
King Robert the Bruce convened his first parliament, at St Andrews.
October 29 1312
Treaty of Inverness with Norway.
February 7 1313
Robert the Bruce captured Dumfries.
May 18 1313
Robert the Bruce invades Isle of Man.
June 24 1314
Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II at Battle of Bannockburn.
September 12 1315
Thomas Dun, a privateer, sailed into Holyhead, captured an English ship
and over-ran the island of Anglesay.
March 2 1316
King Robert II born in Paisley.
May 2 1316
Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce, crowned High King of All Ireland.
March 28 1318
King Robert the Bruce captured Berwick on Tweed.
October 14 1318
Edward Bruce, brother of Robert the Bruce, killed in a battle near Dundalk, Ireland.
April 6 1320
Declaration of Arbroath - "For we
fight not for glory nor for riches nor for honour, but only and alone for freedom, which no good man surrenders but with his life".
March 5 1324
King David II born.
September 21 1327
King Edward II of England died , succeeded by Edward III.
March 17 1328
Treaty of Edinburgh between King Robert I and Edward III which recognised Scotland's independence, ending the 30 years of Wars of
Independence.
June 7 1329
Robert the Bruce died, Cardross Castle.
November 24 1331
David II (aged 7) crowned at Scone.
August 11 1332
Battle of Dupplin near Perth in which Edward Balliol defeated the Regent, Earl of Mar.
24 September 1332
Edward Balliol, son of John Balliol, crowned at Scone. He was deposed by supporters of David II in December
1332, restored in 1333, deposed again in 1334, restored in 1335 and finally deposed in 1341.
June 8 1333
King Edward III orders the capture of the Isle of Man from the Scots.
July 19 1333
Battle of Halidon
Hill in which the Scottish army led by Archibald, lord of Douglas, attacked the army of King Edward III, beseiging Berwick Castle and were routed.
August 14 1337
King Robert III born at Scone.
April 17 1341
Edinburgh Castle captured from the English.
October 7 1346
Battle of Neville's Cross during which King David II was captured by the English King Edward III.
October 3 1354
Treaty of Berwick, freeing David II from imprisonment by the English.
May 31 1366
King Robert II married Annabel Drummond.
February 22 1371
King David II died at Edinburgh Castle.
March 27 1371
King Robert II, nephew of King David II, crowned at Scone, aged 55.
October 28 1371
Treaty of Vincennes creating a Franco-Scottish alliance.
April 4 1373
Parliament held by King Robert II at Scone,
resolved that his son, the Earl of Carrick should succeed his father as King (as Robert III although he was baptised John).
April 4 1384
John of Gaunt, son of Edward III attacks Scotland.
August 5 1388
James, Earl Douglas, died out of sight of his army, in a bush, at Battle of Otterburn in which Scots defeat Henry Percy, (Hotspur) but with the loss of the Earl of Douglas.
April 19 1390
Robert II, grandson of
Robert the Bruce, died at Dundonald Castle and was buried at Scone.
June 17 1390
Wolf of Badenoch burns Elgin Cathedral.
August 14 1390
King Robert III crowned at the Augustinian abbey of Scone.
September 25 1396
"Battle of the Clans" between clans Chattan and Kay on the North Inch, Perth, in front of King Robert III.
June 2 1398
Prince Henry St Clair (Sinclair) landed in Nova Scotia, having sailed from Orkney.
April 3 1401
Murder of Duke of Rothesay, heir of Robert III.
September 14 1402
Scots led by 4th Earl of Douglas defeated
at the Battle of Homildon Hill by English army led by Percy 'Hotspur'.
March 30 1406
King James I captured by English near Flamborough Head on his way to France.
April 4 1406
King Robert III died.
July 24 1411
Battle of Harlaw near Inverurie in which Donald, Lord of the Isles fought an indecisive but bloody battle against the Earl of Mar. At the time, both sides thought they had lost, their descendants both
thought they had won.
March 22 1421
A Scots army in France defeated an English force at Baugé
December 4 1423
Treaty of London, releasing James I from his 18 years captivity in England.
February 13 1424
King James I married Joan Beaufort.
May 2 1424
King James I crowned at Scone
October 16 1430
King James II born.
February 21 1437
King James I murdered in Perth by a group led by Sir Robert Graham.
March 25 1437
Coronation of King James II at Kelso Abbey.
November 29 1440
6th Earl of Douglas and his brother David murdered at the
"Black Dinner" in Edinburgh Castle in front of the 10-year-old King James II.
October 23 1448
Battle of Sark in which an invading English force under the Earl of Northumberland was repulsed by the Scots
led by Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde, near Gretna.
December 31 1448
Franco-Scottish alliance renewed at Tours.
August 27 1450
St Salvator's College, St Andrew's University, founded.
January 7 1451
Glasgow University founded at the request of James II and Bishop Turnbull.
July 10 1451
King James III born at Stirling.
February 22 1452
King James II killed William Douglas at Stirling.
August 3 1460
King James II killed by an exploding cannon at the seige of Roxburgh Castle.
August 10 1460
King James III crowned at Kelso Abbey, 1460.
February 13 1462
Treaty of Westminster-Ardtornish between the
Lord of the Isles and Edward IV, the King of England.
February 20 1472
Orkney and Shetland annexed from Norway.
March 17 1473
King James IV born.
August 24 1482
Berwick on Tweed finally ceded to England (Edward IV) after changing hands 12 times.
June 11 1488
Battle of Sauchieburn during which King James III died attempting to subdue a group of rebel barons.
June 26 1488
James IV crowned king at the age of 15 at Scone. He reigned until 1513 when he fell with the flower of Scotland's nobility at the Battle of Flodden Field.
November 29 1489
Margaret, Queen of Scotland, born.
